Menentukan Informasi Rinci (Detailed Information)

 

Pada artikel sebelumnya saya sudah membagi tentang bocoran pertanyaan untuk soal-soal tentang menentukan gambaran umum sebuah teks. Sekarang saya akan melanjutkan tentang menentukan gambaran rinci (detailed information)

Sebelumnya saya akan berikan gambaran atau definisi sederhana tentang apa itu informasi rinci (detailed information). Informasi rinci dapat dijabarkan sebagai berikut.

1. Yaitu pertanyaan yang jawabannya berupa informasi yang tertulis dalam teks tetapi keberadaannya tersebar di sana sini dalam teks tersebut.

 2. Salah satu ciri pertanyaan tentang informasi ini adalah menggunakan kata tanya  WHY dan HOW.

Ciri lain soal menentukan informasi rinci adalah pertanyaan biasanya terdapat pada informasi utama, sementara jawabannya ada pada informasi penjelas.

Perhatikan contoh di bawah ini.

…. This morning Rina left for Bangkok. She went there by airplane. ……

How did Rina go to Bangkok?

Jawabnya: by airplane

 Penjelasan:

Rina pergi ke Bangkok adalah informasi utama, sedangkan ia ke sana naik pesawat terbang adalah informasi penjelas.

 Contoh lain:

Some bees are as small as 0.08 inch (2 millimeters). Some bees are as big as 1.6 inches (4 centimeters). Bees come in many colors – black, gray, yellow, red, green, or blue. Most bees live alone. They are called solitary bees. Some bees live in groups called colonies. They are social bees.

  1. Why do people call bees solitary creatures?
  2. Why some bees are called social creatures?
  3. What is the color of a bee?

Perhatikan teks di atas. Pertanyaan “Mengapa lebah atau tawon disebut makhluk penyendiri (solitary)” sesungguhnya menanyakan informasi utama dan jawabannya diambil dari kalimat penjelas. Begitu juga pertanyaan kedua “Mengapa lebah disebut makhluk social” juga menanyakan informasi utama, dan jawabannya terdapat dalam kalimat penjelas. Pertanyaan ketiga juga sama.

Ciri khas pertanyaan menentukan informasi rinci adalah sebagai berikut. Mohon diperhatikan betul.

    >Why is ….”.

    >Which of the following statements is correct/ incorrect/true/wrong?

(Manakah pernyataan di bawah ini yang benar/tidak benar/benar/salah?)

Tips menyelesaikan pertanyaan menentukan informasi rinci:

  1. Baca pertanyaan lebih dulu.
  2. Baca teks seluruhnya secara hati-hati.
  3. Tentukan kalimat yang mengandung informasi utama yang ditanyakan.
  4. Temukan kalimat penjelasnya, sebab, kalimat penjelas itulah yang biasanya menjadi jawaban.

Contoh soal

The Sparrow and the Elephant

Once upon a time, there lived a sparrow with her husband on a tree. She had built a nice nest and laid eggs in it. One morning, a wild elephant was in search of shade and he arrived at the tree. However, soon he became angry and shook the tree hard. He didn’t find enough shade.

Down came all the sparrow eggs and broke one by one. But both parents were saved. The mother sparrow was very sad. The woodpecker, a friend of hers, offered to help her think of a way to kill the elephant.

The woodpecker flew to her friend, the gnat, which in turn went to the wise frog for advice. The frog devised a scheme for killing the elephant.

The frog asked the gnat to buzz in the ears of the elephant, so that the elephant would be thrilled to listen to the music of the gnat and close its eyes. Then, he asked the woodpecker to peck the elephant’s eyes out. He himself would be on the edge of a pit and would croak misleading the elephant to think that it was a pond.

The next day at noon the three animals carried out the plan and the elephant was killed when he fell flat into a pit after being blinded by the woodpecker when he closed his eyes in response to the gnat. So the revenge was taken with collective wit of all three animals.

  Which one is not true according to the text?

a. The woodpecker was the sparrow’s good friend.

b. The frog gave a plan to kill the elephant.

c. The elephant was killed by the gnat.

d. The mother sparrow was sad as her eggs were broken.

Sekian dulu, ya. Sampai jumpa di bocoran soal Ujian Nasional Bahasa Inggris SMP  berikutnya.

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